ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the prevalence of violence among elderly community members and its relationship with nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics. Method: Cross-sectional and analytical study developed with 159 community elderly registered at a Family Health Unit in Recife/Pernambuco between March 2016 and March 2017. The Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales and Mini Nutritional Assessment were used as data collection instruments. Data received descriptive and inferential statistical treatment. Results: Among the elderly classified as with violence, there was a predominance of psychological violence (64.3%), and the majority were at risk for malnutrition (54.3%). There was an association between 'having a partner' and psychological (48.1%; p=0.02) and physical (48.1%; p=0.03) violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that being in a relationship or being malnourished increases the likelihood of suffering psychological violence (OR=2.63; OR=3.67), just as not being working increases the likelihood of physical violence (OR=5.61). Conclusion: Violence was negatively related to the nutritional status of elderly community members.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la prevalencia de violencia entre ancianos de la comunidad y su relación con el estado nutricional y las características sociodemográficas. Método: Estudio transversal and analítico realizado con 159 ancianos de la comunidad registrados en una unidad de salud familiar en Recife/Pernambuco. Se utilizó el Brazil Old Age Schedule; Conflict Tactics Scales y Mini Nutritional Assessment como instrumentos de recolección. Los datos recibieron tratamiento estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: Entre los ancianos clasificados con violencia, predominaba la violencia psicológica (64,3%), y la mayoría de ellos están en riesgo de desnutrición (54,3%). Hubo una asociación entre 'tener pareja' y violencia psicológica (48,1%; p=0,02) y física (48,1%; p=0,03). La regresión logística demostró que estar en una relación o estar desnutrido aumenta la probabilidad de sufrir violencia psicológica (OR=2,63; OR=3,67), así como, no estar trabajando aumenta la probabilidad de violencia física (OR=5,61). Conclusión: La violencia se relacionó negativamente con el estado nutricional de los ancianos de la comunidad.
RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência da violência entre idosos comunitários e sua relação com o estado nutricional e características sociodemográficas. Método: Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com 159 idosos comunitários cadastrados em Unidade de Saúde da Família em Recife/Pernambuco entre março de 2016 e março de 2017. Foram utilizados Brazil Old Age Schedule, Conflict Tactics Scales e Mini Nutritional Assessment como instrumentos de coleta. Os dados receberam tratamento estatístico descritivo e inferencial. Resultados: Dentre os idosos considerados com violência, houve predomínio da violência psicológica (64,3%), e a maioria possuía risco para desnutrição (54,3%). Verificou-se associação entre 'ter um companheiro' e a violência psicológica (48,1%; p=0,02) e física (48,1%; p=0,03). A regressão logística demonstrou que ter um companheiro ou estar desnutrido aumenta a probabilidade de sofrer violência psicológica (OR=2,63; OR=3,67), assim como não estar trabalhando aumenta a probabilidade de violência física (OR=5,61). Conclusões: A violência se relacionou negativamente ao estado nutricional dos idosos comunitários.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: FTY720 modulates CD4+T cells by the augmentation of regulatory T cell activity, secretion of suppressive cytokines and suppression of IL-17 secretion by Th17 cells. To further understand the process of graft rejection/acceptance, we evaluated skin allograft survival and associated events after FTY720 treatment. METHODS: F1 mice (C57BL/6xBALB/c) and C57BL/6 mice were used as donors for and recipients of skin transplantation, respectively. The recipients were transplanted and either not treated or treated with FTY720 by gavage for 21 days to evaluate the allograft survival. In another set of experiments, the immunological evaluation was performed five days post-transplantation. The spleens, axillary lymph nodes and skin allografts of the recipient mice were harvested for phenotyping (flow cytometry), gene expression (real-time PCR) and cytokine (Bio-Plex) analysis. RESULTS: The FTY720 treatment significantly increased skin allograft survival, reduced the number of cells in the lymph nodes and decreased the percentage of Tregs at this site in the C57BL/6 recipients. Moreover, the treatment reduced the number of graft-infiltrating cells and the percentage of CD4+ graft-infiltrating cells. The cytokine analysis (splenocytes) showed decreased levels of IL-10, IL-6 and IL-17 in the FTY720-treated mice. We also observed a decrease in the IL-10, IL-6 and IL-23 mRNA levels, as well as an increase in the IL-27 mRNA levels, in the splenocytes of the treated group. The FTY720-treated mice exhibited increased mRNA levels of IL-10, IL-27 and IL-23 in the skin graft. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated prolonged but not indefinite skin allograft survival by FTY720 treatment. This finding indicates that the drug did not prevent the imbalance between Tr1 and Th17 cells in the graft that led to rejection.